Mantis Shrimp
The Oatmeal tells me the Mantis Shrimp has 16 color receptive cones!
Reads & References:
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University of California – Riverside. (2015, June 17). Mantis shrimp inspires new body armor, football helmet design: Researchers find mantis shrimp is naturally designed to survive the repeated high-velocity blows by filtering out certain frequencies of waves. ScienceDaily. Retrieved June 17, 2015 from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150617144502.htm